梦想有多远

RUN {   ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt;   ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE sbt;   ALLOCATE CHANNEL c3 DEVICE TYPE sbt;   BACKUP DATAFILE 5,6,7; }

这个才会同时启用三个通道备份

When all three datafiles are backed up in one command, RMAN recognizes the opportunity for parallelism and can use multiple channels to do the I/O in parallel. When three separate commands are used, RMAN can only perform the backups one at a time, regardless of available channels and I/O devices.

八、手动或自动分配通道一些控制选项：

• Control the operating system resources RMAN uses when performing RMAN operations
• Affect the degree of parallelism for a backup or restore command
• Set limits on I/O bandwidth consumption in kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes (ALLOCATE CHANNEL ... RATE, CONFIGURE CHANNEL ... RATE)控制备份磁盘速率
• Set limits on the size of backup pieces (the MAXPIECESIZE parameter specified on the CONFIGURE CHANNEL and ALLOCATE CHANNEL commands)控制备份片的大小
• Set limits on the size of backup sets (the MAXSETSIZE parameter specified on the BACKUP and CONFIGURE commands)控制备份集大小
• Send vendor-specific commands to the media manager (SEND)
• Specify vendor-specific parameters for the media manager (ALLOCATE CHANNEL ... PARMS, CONFIGURE CHANNEL ... PARMS)
• Specify which instance performs the operation (ALLOCATE CHANNEL ... CONNECT, CONFIGURE CHANNEL ... CONNECT)

九、映像的复制

如果是使用RMAN的映像拷贝，那么如果遇到使用RESTORE恢复文件，并且磁盘上有一份可用的映像拷贝时，可以不必把映像拷贝到源位置，可以使用命令alter database rename datafile 和switch命令，切换到映像的位置上

如果是用户的映像拷贝，那么在拷贝后需要使用CHANGE UNCATALOG

十、分配不同的通道给不同数据文件：

RUN
{
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS=”ENV=(BACKUP_SERVER=tape_server1)”;
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS=”ENV=(BACKUP_SERVER=tape_server2)”;
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c3 DEVICE TYPE sbt PARMS=”ENV=(BACKUP_SERVER=tape_server3)”;
  BACKUP
   (DATAFILE 1,2,3
    CHANNEL c1)
   (DATAFILECOPY ‘/tmp/system01.dbf’, ‘/tmp/tools01.dbf’
     CHANNEL c2)
   (ARCHIVELOG FROM SEQUENCE 100 UNTIL SEQUENCE 102 THREAD 1
     CHANNEL c3);
}

shi

十一：多备份集的设置

BACKUP DEVICE TYPE DISK AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt BACKUPSET ALL; # copies backup sets on disk to tape

BACKUP COPIES 2 DEVICE TYPE sbt BACKUPSET ALL;

BACKUP DEVICE TYPE sbt BACKUPSET COMPLETED BEFORE ‘SYSDATE-7′ DELETE INPUT;

This command backs up backup sets that were created more than a week ago from disk to tape, and then deletes them from disk. Note that DELETE INPUT here is equivalent to DELETE ALL INPUT;RMAN deletes all existing copies of the backup set. If you duplexed a backup to four locations, then RMAN deletes all four copies of the pieces in the backup set.

十二、Backups of Image Copies映像的备份

• BACKUP AS COPY COPY OF DATABASE
• BACKUP AS BACKUPSET COPY OF TABLESPACE tablespace_name
• BACKUP AS BACKUPSET COPY OF DATAFILE datafile

十三、RMAN Backup Options: Naming, Sizing, and Speed

名字：

BACKUP TABLESPACE users FORMAT = ‘/tmp/users_%u%p%c’; 想启动自己的备份名用FORMAT指定

映像备份的名字一般是FORMAT或者DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

复制的：

Type of File Meaning of                       %U
Datafile                             data-D-%d_id-%I_TS-%N_FNO-%f_%u
Archived log                          arch-D_%d-id-%I_S-%e_T-%h_A-%a_%u
Control file                          cf-D_%d-id-%I_%u

Using DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT With BACKUP AS COPY

BACKUP AS COPY TABLESPACE users   DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('/maindisk/oradata/users','/backups/users_ts');

还可以使用TAG做备注：

# Back up as image copies the datafiles of tablespaces users and tools

# all copies get the TAG 'users_tools'

BACKUP AS COPY TAG users_tools TABLESPACE users, tools;

# Create new copies of all image copies of the database that have the tag  # 'full_cold_copy', and give the new copies the tag 'new_full_cold_copy' BACKUP AS COPY    COPY OF DATABASE      FROM TAG=full_cold_copy      TAG=new_full_cold_copy;

备份片的大小：

For example, if datafile 1 is 6GB, you can still restrict the backup piece size for disk backups to 2 GB by configuring an automatic disk channel, and then run a backup as follows:

CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE = 2G; BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATAFILE 1;

IO带宽：

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2; CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO sbt; CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt RATE 1M;

 十四、备份策略

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY  TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

obsolete 过期 report obsolete delete obsolete

crosscheck

expired  不可用 report expired  delete expired

To configure a retention policy based on a recovery window, use the following command:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW

 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;保留距离当前时间7天的备份


To configure a retention policy based on redundancy, use the following command:

• CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY

 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;


You can also disable the retention policy completely, meaning that RMAN does not consider any backup to be obsolete. To do so, use the following command:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE;

CHANGE... KEEP and CHANGE... NOKEEP 是否保留过期的备份

# Creates a backup and exempts it from retention policy until last day of 2007 BACKUP DATABASE KEEP UNTIL TIME "TO_DATE('31-DEC-2007' 'dd-mon-yyyy')" NOLOGS;  # Specifies that backupset 2 is no longer exempt from the retention policy CHANGE BACKUPSET 2 NOKEEP;  # Creates a backup that is indefinitely exempt from the retention policy BACKUP TABLESPACE users KEEP FOREVER NOLOGS;